Tobacco Companies Reynolds American Inc. - 1608 Words

Reynolds American Inc. is a holding company with multiple subsidiaries like R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, American Snuff Company, Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Company, and Niconovum. Reynolds American Inc. also manages various licensed brands like Dunhill, Captain Black, and State Express 555. The company and its subsidiaries operate in manufacturing and selling of many tobacco products in United States and international markets. Each of the subsidies has their own brand of products that they manage. The RJR Tobacco manufactures cigarettes under the brand names of Camel, Pall Mall, Winston, Kool, Doral, Salem, Misty, Capri, and Camel Snus, a smoke-free tobacco product. The American Snuff segment provides smokeless tobacco products, such as†¦show more content†¦With anti-smoking movement progresses, the cigarette sales are on the decline, Reynolds American coped with this decline through smokeless tobacco products with the American Snuff Company. As the charts below portray, th e decrease in the smoke cigarette revenue is offset by the increase in smokeless tobacco and e-cigarette revenue. (Refer to Appendix Figure 2 and 3). The Tobacco manufacturing and sales industry is highly regulated due to high taxes and health problems smoking would cause. These regulations and laws limited the marketing capabilities of Tobacco manufacturing companies as a whole. But almost all of them handled these delicate situations in one way or another. Reynolds American Inc. states on the company’s website that they market responsibly through three main guidelines: Standards and Safeguards, absolutely certifiable and responsible advertising and promotion. The company explains these points by stating that, they do not market to consumers without confirming their ages to be above 21, training their employees on how to approach only existing tobacco consumers and not to encourage consumers who do not consume tobacco products to engage in its consumption. Also, the company mentions straightforward and transparent approach to marketing their products, for example â€Å"Cigarette smoking is harmful to your health. No additives in our tobacco do NOT mean a saferShow MoreRelatedEssay about Business Analysis of Reynolds American Inc905 Words   |  4 Pagesstrengths; weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of a business. This analysis will assist a fund manager with the decision of whether to invest or not. Reynolds is a very dominant company in the tobacco industry. The have various subsidiaries that keeps them on pace with their competitors. Business Analysis of Reynolds American, Inc. Introduction Before investing in any business it’s important to conduct a business analysis. This analysis would cover in detail the strengths; weaknessesRead MoreTobacco: The History and Why We Should Give It Up1049 Words   |  5 Pagessmoked or used any tobacco products? It is well known that tobacco has become a big issue in the 21st century, these issues include underage smoking and harmful effects to the body. Tobacco is been identified under the category of peppers, potatoes and the poisonous nightshade. Tobacco is a harmful leaf from an American plant that has been linked to deadly diseases, such as cancer or lung diseases. This paper will examine the history of tobacco, the causes and effects of tobacco-related items, andRead MoreHistorical Background Of Tobacco - Early American Indians Essay1002 Words   |  5 PagesTobacco 1. Historical background to Tobacco – Early American Indians – Columbus – Introduction to the Western World. It is evident that the use of tobacco (Nicotiana spp) ( Baud, 1991) as recreational activity is first recorded with the American Indians. This involved the use of both smoked and chewed across North America well before European contact (Adams, Johnson Murphy, 2015). At this time there was predominantly two kinds of tobacco that were being cultivated, and there was also severalRead MorePortfolio1478 Words   |  6 Pagesinvestment strategy to one that was more active. She wanted to begin conservatively by adding carefully chosen stocks to her current equity portfolio. Based on recent analyst forecasts, Ms. Sharpe had narrowed her search to the following two companies: 11 Exchange traded funds (ETFs) linked to underlying indices offer many of the same advantages as the low-cost, passively managed index funds. One of the reasons for their increasing popularity is that they allow for intraday trading, butRead Morelung cancer927 Words   |  4 Pagesawareness. Many tobacco companies in North Carolina and nationwide have had to make changes to their products and sales. There are many causes of lung cancer and this paper will outline the major causes of lung cancer and discuss treatments. Public awareness, education and marketing better health could help prevent lung cancer. Many people are affected by smoking, second hand smoke, radon gas, asbestos and air pollution. The most common cause of lung cancer is long-term exposure to tobacco smoke, whichRead MoreThe Ethical Concerns Involving Tobacco1680 Words   |  7 PagesThe main ethical concerns involving tobacco is well known to educated Americans; however, the ethics around the marketing aspects of tobacco, especially tobacco exposure to children, are less talked about. Some of the early marketing decisions of tobacco can be traced back to one of the most renowned and valuable cigarette brands in the world, Marlboro. Marlboro first emerged onto the tobacco scene at the beginning of the nineteenth century. They originally were a cigarette brand with a female-basedRead MoreIntroduction. Tobacco Use Throughout The United States1254 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Tobacco use throughout the United States has become an epidemic, not only among adults, but among adolescents as well. People do not realize the effects of tobacco or the consequence of using tobacco among the youth and adolescents. What are the leading factors of adolescents using tobacco? Do peers and parents have an influence on tobacco use among adolescents? Throughout this paper I will discuss the effects of tobacco use, the statistics of tobacco use among adolescents, and otherRead More Cigarette Advertising Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagesthe case with other products. Cigarette companies market their products with blatant lies. No one is shown with yellowed teeth or suffering from a hacking cough. Instead, smokers are always pictured as being in the pink of health. More alarmingly, smokers and smoking are perceived as being desirable. This perception has seemingly permeated every facet of popular culture. The sad truth today is—cigarettes are cool! More overt instances of cigarette companies attempting to marry their products withRead More Smoking Facts2160 Words   |  9 Pagescomponents of cigarettes, and the regulations regarding the production and sale of cigarettes. â€Å"Tobacco is a plant that grows natively in North and South America. It is in the same family as the potato, pepper and the poisonous nightshade, a very deadly plant† (Randall, 1999, p. 1). American Indians used tobacco in many different ways, mainly for religious purposes and medical practices. The Indians used tobacco for medical practices because they believed it was a cure-all kind of medication; it was alsoRead MoreNabisco2233 Words   |  9 PagesBrands. In 1985 R.J. Reynolds Industries acquired Nabisco brands in one of the largest takeovers in business history. In earlier years the company was called N.B.C. In 1941 the company took on the name Nabisco, but it was in 1971 when the name became the official corporate name. The National Biscuit Company resulted from a merger in 1898 of the midwestern American Biscuit Company whom is a result of a merger of 40 midwestern bakeries, and the eastern New York Biscuit Company, formed from eight

Precious Movie Analysis - 713 Words

In the film Precious discuses a lot of maltreatment and physical abuse. This movie is by far one of the worse because it deals with mistreatment and negative talk on an innocent teenager who wants to be all that she can be, but she is insulted and told differently. There is a lot of drugs being used in the home and just plain out disrespect. Claireece â€Å"Precious† Jones who is 16 years old grew up in Harlem during the late 1980s. All of the poor and dirty crime that happens, none of which affects Precious as much as the constant mistreatment she receives at the hands of her brutally vile mother Mary. Precious is treated as a slave, fixing food, washing dishes, and tending to her wretched master as the worthless woman smokes, collects†¦show more content†¦Physical sensations, including sexual feelings and hunger, become severely disrupted. Precious mother, who did not protect her from her fathers abuse, perpetuated the abuse in many ways. One way is through food. Fe eding her when she doesnt want to eat. Making her gain weight more so. Mary has a controlling act and she is very abusive. She admits, ashamed, at various points, that she overeats. She is painfully aware of her problematic eating. In this film, Precious struggles with her self-esteem. It is in part due to her mothers constant steam of violent and demeaning put downs. Her weight does not help. Being overweight leaves her vulnerable to taunts by classmates, boys on the street, and her mother. For years, Precious told no one of the incest. Unfortunately, it is common for both sexual abuse and eating disorders to be kept a secret. Those who are abused learn to keep quiet, often out of sheer survival. There is a poignant moment when Precios reveals that she has never spoken in class before. I remember when the teacher asked how it felt to speak up. She stated, â€Å"I feel here.† Being present is the polar opposite of her silence and her dissociative, inner fantasy world. As she heals, she begins to have a voice and no longer keeps the abuse a secret. Her need to slip into an alternative world fades and her weight becomes less central to her life. Her self-esteem instead hinges on herShow MoreRelatedPrecious Movie Analysis1212 Words   |  5 PagesPrecious is a movie that was produced based off a book. The movie was a story about a 16-year-old girl Claireece â€Å"Precious† Jones who was abused by her family emotionally, physically, mentally, and sexually. (Magness, Siegel-Magness, Daniels, 2009) Taking at a look at this from a social worker perspective one can look at how to address the situation and how one work with a potential client like Precious. The film addresses many issues that a client may come across including the micro, mezzo, andRead MorePrecious Movie Analysis2149 Words   |  9 PagesPersonal Response to the film â€Å"Precious† â€Å"Precious† is a film about a Harlem teen of the same name’s attempts of escape from her abusive mother and lustful father in order to live a new life and have a brighter future. The movie, in spite of clichà © and problems with the plot, managed to win the viewers’ heart and took them up for an empathic and compassionate adventure of Precious, a 16-year-old teen who is slowly transforming into a mature and independent young woman. Coupled with a decent directorRead MoreFilm Analysis Of The Movie Precious2252 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction The movie Precious is based on the adaptation of the book Push written by Sapphire. Though the story is a fiction based life of Claireece Precious Jones it is far from reality for many young women. Growing up in an environment that is filled with emotional, verbal, physical and sexual abuse along with crime infested neighborhoods and overcrowded public school and many other factors that pose a lot of challenges for a young girl in the inner city. Though the odd is against Precious she provesRead MoreArt in Raw Form1434 Words   |  6 PagesArt in Raw Form The movie industry is for entertainment purposes. For many people, going to the movies is an escape; time to sit back and become someone else. However, once in a rare moment then a movie comes out that is not just foe entertainment and dares to address a controversial issue. â€Å"The Blind Side† and â€Å"Precious† are two movies that I was very surprised at my reaction to them. My reasons for wanting to see both movies were as different as night and day. I went to see the â€Å"BlindRead MoreEssay Psychology in Precious1030 Words   |  5 PagesPrecious, a movie based on the book Push written by Sapphire, is an interesting movie directed by Lee Daniels. Precious can be easily analyzed using basic motivation and emotion theories in psychology. The movie is about Claireece Precious Jones and how she becomes a strong, independent woman after breaking through her curse of physical and sexual abuse which she has endured since she was three months old. At the begi nning, Precious is physically and verbally abused by her mother. In additionRead MorePrecious Based on the Novel Push by Saphire Analysis1368 Words   |  6 PagesJaclyn Butler 04/24/2012 Intracultural Communications Professor Brook Film Analysis on 2009’s â€Å"Precious† Analyzing a dynamic film like the 2009 â€Å"Precious† is difficult. The movie got a lot of praise for the acting and the story that was portrayed but it also got a lot of heat from the race that was portrayed in the movie. African Americans nationwide said the movie made their African American ghettos into a sexually incest ridden, classless society and didn’t properly show any of the positiveRead MoreSS1611 leelokyiu Essays1056 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿SS1611 Movies and Psychology Story Book Movie Titleï ¼Å¡The Shawshank Redemption Student Nameï ¼Å¡Lee Lok Yiu Student Numberï ¼Å¡53057085 Teacher Name ï ¼Å¡Dr. Andus Wong Summary of the movie The story begins with a young and successful banker Andy Dufresne whose life changes dramatically when he is convicted of the murderer of his wife and her secret lover. Therefore, Andy is sent to Shawshank Prison to be permanently sentenced despite his claims of innocence. During time in prison, Andy buildsRead MoreFilm Review Of Precious Knowledge : A Critical Review1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe film Precious Knowledge takes a deeper look into the defense and fall of the Ethnic Studies program within the Tucson Unified School District. During the standoff, as Arizona lawmakers bombarded the students and educators with threats and false claims. A major question surrounding the film is whether or not this program’s failure was preventable. Jeff Biggers approaches the situation from a politically centralized point of view, having written for The New York Times, The Nation, and The WashingtonRead MoreThe Film Food Inc.889 Words   |  4 Pagessay that the film is neutral and te nds towards more of an educative approach would be a misinterpretation to say the least. Throughout the entire movie it is always evident that the movie aims not solely to educate its audience about the truth of their food, but to convert the misinformed and inspire a rebellion against food industry practices. The movie does this through a tactful approach of bombarding its audience with gruesome clips, facts and testimonial story lines. The film asserts it claimRead MoreThe Final Project : Being Black Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pagesacting categories, none of them went to a â€Å"non-white† actor (Goodykoontz, 2015). Some critics argue that while blacks may take one step forward, they’re taking two back. In 2009, the movie Precious was at the Cannes Film Festival. Lee Daniels, the director and producer confessed that he was embarrassed to show Precious at this predominantly white event because he didn’t want it viewed â€Å"as an exploitation of black people†. Terry Wiltz, a senior culture writer with theRoots.com commented in an NPR

Bilingual Education For Foreign Students Free Essays

Bilingual Education in the northeastern United States and Canada serves many advantages and benefits for students of limited English skills. Since the early sixty†s, it continues to serve a great advantage to foreign students. This is important because it gives these students the opportunity to achieve the â€Å"American Dream†. We will write a custom essay sample on Bilingual Education For Foreign Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now American educators have argued that the aim of education should be to assimilate a foreign student into the American mainstream, become good American citizens, and not keep their ethnic identity. The proponents of bilingual education believe that this form of instruction belittles a child†s ethnic and cultural heritage, creates low self-esteem, and fosters a high dropout rate. Therefore, certain bilingual education approaches encourages students† to maintain their language, ethnic and cultural identity, while at the same time learning a new language and culture altogether. Bilingual Education provides instruction for students in two languages. The primary goal of bilingual education in the United States is to teach English to students who don†t speak English or have limited English proficiency (LEP). Although Florida and California have decided to do away with this educational approach, the controversy regarding bilingual education will never end. In this paper different bilingual education approaches will be defined and the history of Bilingual Education will be touched upon. The Proposition 227 controversy and several views towards bilingual education will be discussed. The final conclusion will show my feelings toward bilingual education. There are many approaches that are used to instruct LEP students. Transitional bilingual education (TBE), which is currently incorporated in the NJ school systems, is geared to move LEP students into monolingual classes within two or three years. Programs such as this instruct students† in their native language in the same academic level as their monolingual peers. After appropriate English proficiency level is achieved the LEP students† are able to transfer skills to function successfully in a monolingual class. At the same time students† are also enrolled in classes that teach them English as a second language (ESL) (CQ Researcher, 1996). Bilingual proponents who prefer the developmental bilingual education (DBE) believe that the transitional approach defeats the whole purpose of bilingual education, because it doesn†t maintain a student†s native language. The critics prefer DBE because it is designed to teach both the students† native language and English. Using this approach the student is able to enhance his or her skills in their native language and also be able to learn English up until sixth grade. â€Å"The idea, they say, is to teach additive bilingualism, which makes students fluent in two languages while making them more nimble learners† (CQ Researchers, 1996). According to the article, â€Å"Teaching English to Non-English Speakers offers a Wide Range of Techniques† in the CQ Researchers (1996), the most sophisticated developmental approach is called two-way bilingual education. This approach mixes non-English speaking students with roughly an equal number of English speakers in the same classroom. Students are taught in one language in the morning and the other language in the afternoon. This approach gears to make both sets of students bilingual at levels of fluency that allow each to advance in language as well as in other subjects. Such programs are rare, but where they exist, and where they have well trained bilingual teachers (teachers fluent in both languages and who use interactive or group-learning techniques), most researchers and observers say that students perform better at every energy level of learning than their peers, no matter what kind of instruction the non-two-way students receive (CQ Researchers, 1996). Immersion education is another kind of teaching approach to bilingual education. In these classes, known as special alternative instructional programs, the most popular being structured immersion – students learn their second language from instructors who teach them subject matter presented in the new language. While immersion is based on instruction in the student†s second language, it is not what they call â€Å"sink-or-swim†. â€Å"Sink-or-swim† is when the teacher offers no extra help in learning the new language. The United States Supreme Court, in Lau v. Nichols(1974), declared that not offering extra help was a violation of federal civil rights law (CQ Researchers, 1996). The St.Lambert French immersion program was inaugurated in 1965 in Canada. It was designed to provide proficiency in both aspects of the French language, to promote English proficiency, to ensure an appropriate developmental level of achievement in academic subjects, and to have the students understand and appreciate the French Canadian without taking away from the students† identity for the English Canadian culture. These goals were shared by most of the immersion programs in Canada (cited in Paulston, 1988). The final approach is called alternate immersion, also known as sheltered English or sheltered subject-matter instruction. In sheltered classes children learn their second language first by studying subjects. My aunt, Odainy Tansey, who teaches in a bilingual school in Passaic New Jersey, says that the school board is attempting to introduce sheltered English into the classroom. She stated that sheltered English is not going to be a good approach in introducing a new language to foreign students. The language learning situation contains the necessary ingredients for second-language learning. There are three major components: (1) learners that realize that they need that target language (TL) and are motivated to make that move to learn English; (2) instructors who know the target language well enough to provide the learning tools needed to be able to learn English; and (3) a learning environment that allows both the students and the instructors together to be able to put the learning process to work. All three components are crucial in the learning process of a language. Although there are many different approaches, these three major steps are important. The three learning processes can be described as (1) social, (2) linguistic, and (3) cognitive (cited by Bialystok, 1991, 52). There are many questions concerning bilingual studies. For those whose families speak only Spanish, â€Å"it provides an inconsistent and not terribly successful process of remediation† (Kozol, 1985). For many of the most successful English-speaking students, on the other hand, foreign language study is a sign of excellence, preeminence, and academic promise. The law declares that classes conducted exclusively in English are â€Å"inadequate† for the education of children whose native tongue is another language and that bilingual education programs are necessary â€Å"to ensure equal educational opportunity to every child† (Pialorsi, 1974). Massachusetts became the first state to require and provide bilingual programs for children whose first language is not English. Soon after New York, California, Illinois, and Texas had laws permitting local school districts to provide bilingual education (Pialorsi, 1974). Although bilingual education still does exist in many states. Florida has completely done away with it, and California is in the process of also getting rid of bilingual education. The ballot initiative, Proposition 227, will soon end bilingual education in California public schools. Bilingual education was fully designed to involve immigrant parents in the education of their kids or to meet the needs of a sudden influx of refugees. Under this new ballot, children will receive no more than one year in English instruction of what is called sheltered English. Though the sheltered method is untested as a means of moving large numbers of kids into the mainstream classes, it is now the law (The New Republic, 1998). Proposition 227 was written by Ron Unz, a Republican multimillionaire from Silicon Valley, he got the idea from a group of Mexican-American parents. Most of the parents thought that the bilingual education system was holding their children back. Polls taken before Tuesday†s election indicated that anywhere â€Å"between 30 and 60 percent of Latino voters on California approved of the measure (The New Republic, 1998). Latinos agreed with this ballot as opposed to Proposition 187, where they took it as a form of immigrant bashing. In a monograph published by the New Jersey Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages-Bilingual Education (NJTESOL-BE), Professor Collier shares some of her less publicized insights. â€Å"We must encourage language-minority parents to speak the first language at home, not to speak English†¦to deny a child the only means of communicating with his parents†¦is tantamount to physical violence to that student† (Amselle, 1996). Bilingual Education can be a rewarding experience if instructed by the right people in the right manner. Sheltered English seems to be a terrible way to introduce English to a non-English speaker. The student will not be able to learn the language correctly and will not be able to get their correct thoughts across. Learning just pieces of a language is not good enough. That is just like going to a country that does not speak English as a first language with only one year of practice in that language. It will be difficult to ask where the bathroom is let alone take a test in that language. The only way for Bilingual Education to work is if they use the two-way bilingual education. This approach will allow both non-English speaking and English speaking students to learn each others† language. This approach will not make either student feel inferior to one another. Bilingual Education in the northeastern United States and Canada serves many advantages and benefits for students of limited English skills. The program has many good points and positive outcomes that out weight the negative outcomes. Most of the students result in success. Every child has their own style of learning and no matter what you are teaching there will always be one or two students that need special attention. Instead of doing away with the Bilingual Education program, they should design it so that it is full proof for the most part. The United States of America is considered the â€Å"melting pot†. There are so many different cultures and languages. There are people who are willing to put in extra effort and assist in making the Bilingual Education approach a successful one, and that is what should be put into perspective. How to cite Bilingual Education For Foreign Students, Papers

Innovation And Growth

Question: Critically evaluate the various dimensions of Innovation and the drivers that contribute to the growth of small start-up entrepreneurs? Answer: Introduction Economist Schumpeter contributed greatly for the concept of innovation and entre Innovation means generating a new idea, products or application, which is a value add to customers. Innovation helps in better serving the customers, by improving the quality of product or service and meeting their expectations and needs, for which they are ready to pay. For a business perspective, innovation acts as a catalyst to growth. Innovation can be of different types. Innovation can be done in the processes of the company, offering to the customers, their delivery channel, brand positioning, marketing channels, business model and supply chain. preneurship. One of the most common themes inSchumpeters writing was the role of innovation (new combination) and entrepreneurship in economic growth.He believed that innovation is the key driver for competition and those who wants to increase their profits should innovate continuously. According to Schumpeter, the customer needs does not play a role in the development. For economic development structural changes needs to be incorporated along with the innovative techniques. According to him, there are 5 types of innovations that can be done: Introducing a completely new product in the market or an advance version of the product existing in the market. Revolutionize the production process by introducing new, innovative techniques along with innovative sales and marketing methods. Acquiring new markets, which were not tapped. Innovation in supply chain by procuring raw material from a new source, different logistics etc. New structure of the industry. Schumpeter defined innovation as, a process of industrial mutation, that incessantly revolutionizes the economic structure from within, incessantly destroying the old one, and incessantly creating a new one (Drucker, 2014). This means that through innovation they will be continuous technological advancements, which will destroy and replace the old process/ technology. He coined a term creative destruction, which means a new thing will destroy something old. This will be a key driver for the transformation of the economic structure and sustained growth. Need of Innovation for the sustenance and growth of small companies The characteristics of a successful entrepreneur are that he is able to explore new opportunities and is ready to pursue new ventures. He possesses the skills of creativity, innovativeness and ability to take risk (Autio, Kenney, Mustar, Siegel Wright, 2014). They will deploy new techniques and innovative business models and strategies. Small and Medium Enterprises are considered as the backbone of economic growth of the country. They have contributed significantly for the economic development of the company by giving more employment opportunities, product outputs, exports etc. (Love Roper, 2015). But for small companies, in order to survive in the market they need to constantly perform well, give quality products as well as generate profits and expand. It has become imperative for the small companies to hone their capabilities and competency. They need to develop new technologies and strategies for the improvement of their output efficiency and marketing their products and service s. For their development small companies need to constantly create and introduce innovation in their techniques. Innovation and product differentiation will help small companies stand out from the crowd. This will help them create a loyal customer base. Key Drivers of Innovation Human Resource: Managing a workforce with skills to innovate is very crucial. Employees with different skills are required for product innovation and exploring different strategies. Technical and managerial skills are required at various developmental stages of a project and its commercialization. Skill development can also be done for the employee to make them capable of doing innovation. Research and Development: In house Research and Development plays a very important role in creating innovative technologies and processes for the firms. The capability of Research and Development is very crucial for the companies to incorporate innovative techniques and processes in their projects. Research and Development are important as they can create new knowledge that will help in innovation. Secondly, they also help in accessing and absorbing the knowledge from outside which is also very important for the innovation with in the organization and to maintain competitiveness with the rival companies (O'Cass Sok, 2013). Investment in the infrastructure: It is very important for firms to update their equipment and technologies by making investments. Especially in small companies who may face resource constraints, it is better to purchase new equipment and technologies, which can result very crucial in innovation. Design: This is a very important contributor for the success of any innovation. Emphasis is laid on designing a wide range of innovative products with improved functionality and value. There is a positive relationship between investments in design and the output. But in small companies, design is not perceived as crucial as technology. It as considered as an expensive, time and resource consuming activity only. But by outsourcing the design resources, small companies can inculcate this practice. Management of Intellectual Property: Patents and copyright of innovative techniques is very crucial for any business. But smaller companies face problems, as the cost of IP protection and registration is very high. But for the small firms who are RD intensive, patenting is very important for getting customers and attracting seed investments. Other small companies, instead of patenting, focus more on the speed to market their product. Innovative Strategies: When it comes to innovative strategy, the state of knowledge can be thought of as inconsistence in theories, knowledge gaps and conflict in the predictions. Following are the few innovation strategies which are popular among small companies: First is the selection between open and closed innovation and the way to develop the knowledge base of the company. For small companies, open model are more favored models for innovation. Specially, when it comes to collaboration along the supply chain of the firm. Such collaboration will not only help in the development of innovation but will also help the small companies to sustain this success. These strategies may also help smaller companies to extend their spectrum of knowledge and improve their performances. Second is the explicit strategy of the company, planning, organization and marketing their products/ services. Improving Knowledge and resourcing from outside the organization: Firms (specially their Research Development department) should be open to gather information and knowledge from the external world to incorporate in their research to develop innovative techniques. Top management or strategy makers can also look what strategies the rival companies have adopted and based on that formulate an improvised, innovative strategy for the business. For the purpose of knowledge transfer, partnership up with the large firms can also be done. Similarly, small companies face a resource constraint, which may hamper their ability to develop innovative techniques and strategies. These companies can outsource the resources, which will substantially bring down the pressure of resources from them and the companies can focus more on their core business and do innovation in that field. Government Policies: Policies laid by the government plays a crucial driver for the companies for adopting innovative techniques. Government actions can acts both as enabler or a barrier for the companies to do design and implement innovative techniques/ strategies. Diversity of the employees: Studies have shown a relationship between diversity of employees and innovation. There has been a positive relationship between innovation, educational diversity, cultural diversity and gender diversity of the employees. These factors are especially crucial in the initial stages of a project or the company. Business Partnership or funding: Partnering up with other businesses or funding through private equity will not only brings finance to the company but also expertise and experience of professionals from diverse companies. This will enhance the products/ service development and the value creation of the company. This venture can also help in improving the processes of the company and other future associations. Conclusion Small companies are very important for the growth of economy. In order to survive in the market they constantly need to innovate and develop to get a competitive edge over their competitors. There are internal and external drivers that contribute to the success of small companies. The main internal drivers of innovation are the resources available with the companies be it human resource, knowledge, financial resource, infrastructure or supply chain. The internal resources should create the knowledge repository for the company and develop innovative technologies and strategies. Also, they should spend sufficiently to create infrastructure to carry out processes for innovation. If company is short on their resources they approach external sources to fulfill their requirement be it of knowledge, technology, design or support. Also, government policies play a very crucial role in deciding the fate of innovation. Supporting policies allow the companies to do experiments and come out with new product/ service offerings. References: Autio, E., Kenney, M., Mustar, P., Siegel, D., Wright, M. (2014). Entrepreneurial innovation: The importance of context.Research Policy,43(7), 1097-1108. Drucker, P. (2014).Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Love, J. H., Roper, S. (2015). SME innovation, exporting and growth: A review of existing evidence.International Small Business Journal,33(1), 28-48. O'Cass, A., Sok, P. (2013). The role of intellectual resources, product innovation capability, reputational resources and marketing capability combinations in SME growth.International Small Business Journal, 0266242613480225.